ʻIke Kumu o nā Pelo: Nā Pelo Hoʻohuʻi

ʻO ka hoʻolauna pōkole o nā mea hoʻonaninani
Ma mua o hoʻokahi haneli mau makahiki i hala aku nei, ua manaʻo ka poʻe e hana i nā mea pena i hiki ke hana i nā paʻa covalent me nā fiber, a laila e hoʻomaikaʻi ai i ka holoi ʻana o nā lole i hoʻoluʻu ʻia.A hiki i ka makahiki 1954, ua ʻike ʻo Raitee lāua ʻo Stephen o ka Hui ʻo Bnemen e hiki ke hoʻopaʻa paʻa nā wai waihoʻoluʻu i loko o ka hui dichloro-s-triazine me nā pūʻulu hydroxyl mua ma ka cellulose ma lalo o nā kūlana alkaline Hui pū, a laila hoʻoluʻu paʻa i ka fiber, aia kahi papa o nā mea hoʻonaninani hiki ke hiki. hana i nā mea paʻa covalent me ka pulupulu ma o ka hopena kemika, i ʻike ʻia hoʻi ʻo nā dyes reactive.ʻO ka puka ʻana mai o nā mea hoʻoheheʻe reactive ua wehe i kahi ʻaoʻao hou no ka mōʻaukala hoʻomohala ʻana o nā mea pena.

Mai ka hiki ʻana mai o nā mea hoʻonaninani reactive i ka makahiki 1956, aia kona hoʻomohala ʻana i kahi kūlana alakaʻi.I kēia manawa, ʻoi aku ka ʻoi aku o ka 20% o ka hoʻopuka makahiki o nā dyes reactive no nā fiber cellulose i ka honua.Hiki ke ulu koke ka hoʻoluʻu ʻana ma muli o kēia mau ʻano:

1. Hiki ke hoʻopili ke kala me ka fiber e hana i kahi paʻa covalent.Ma lalo o nā kūlana maʻamau, ʻaʻole e hoʻokaʻawale ʻia kēlā ʻano paʻa, no laila ke hoʻoluʻu ʻia ka mea hoʻonaninani reactive ma ka fiber, loaʻa iā ia ka wikiwiki o ka waiho ʻana, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka mālama ʻana.Eia kekahi, ma hope o ke kala ʻana i ka fiber, ʻaʻole ia e ʻeha i ka embrittlement māmā e like me kekahi mau wai waihoʻoluʻu.

2. Loaʻa iā ia ka hana hoʻohālikelike maikaʻi loa, ke kala ʻulaʻula, ka ʻālohilohi maikaʻi, ka hoʻohana maʻalahi, ka chromatography piha, a me ke kumu kūʻai haʻahaʻa.

3. Ua hiki ke hana nui ia ma Kina a hiki ke hoopiha piha i na pono o ka oihana pa'i a me ke kala;ʻAʻole hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia kona ākea ākea no ke kala ʻana i nā fiber cellulose, akā no ka pena ʻana i nā fiber protein a me kekahi mau lole i hui ʻia.

Moʻolelo o nā mea hoʻonanea
Mai ka makahiki 1920, ua hoʻomaka ʻo Ciba i ka noiʻi ʻana i nā mea kala cyanuric, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hana ma mua o nā mea pena pololei a pau, ʻoi aku ka Chloratine Fast Blue 8G.He hui ia o ka mole o loko i haku ʻia me kahi ʻulaʻula uliuli i loaʻa i kahi hui amine a me kahi kala melemele me ke apo cyanuric i loko o kahi leo ʻōmaʻomaʻo, ʻo ia hoʻi, he atom chlorine unsubstituted ka wai, a ma lalo o kekahi mau kūlana, hiki iā ia ʻO ka element. Ua hoʻokumu ka hopena i kahi paʻa covalent, akā ʻaʻole i ʻike ʻia i kēlā manawa.

I ka makahiki 1923, ua ʻike ʻo Ciba i ka waika monochlorotriazine i waihoʻoluʻu i ka hulu hipa, i hiki ke loaʻa i ka wikiwiki pulu kiʻekiʻe, no laila i ka makahiki 1953 ua hoʻokumu ʻo Cibalan Brill type dye.I ka manawa like, i ka makahiki 1952, ua hana pū ʻo Hearst iā Remalan, kahi mea hoʻonaninani no ka hulu hipa, ma ke kumu o ke aʻo ʻana i nā hui vinyl sulfone.ʻAʻole naʻe i kūleʻa loa kēia mau ʻano kala ʻelua i kēlā manawa.I ka makahiki 1956, ua hoʻopuka hope ʻo Bu Neimen i ka mea pena hoʻoheheʻe pāʻoihana mua no ka pulupulu, i kapa ʻia ʻo Procion, ʻo ia hoʻi ka mea pena dichloro-triazine i kēia manawa.

I ka makahiki 1957, ua hoʻomohala ʻo Benemen i kahi mea hoʻoheheʻe monochlorotriazine, i kapa ʻia ʻo Procion H.

I ka makahiki 1958, ua hoʻohana maikaʻi ʻo Hearst Corporation i nā mea hoʻoheheʻe vinyl sulfone-based no ke kala ʻana i nā fiber cellulose, i kapa ʻia ʻo Remazol dyes.

I ka makahiki 1959, ua hana hou ʻo Sandoz lāua ʻo Cargill i kahi mea hoʻoheheʻe hui hou, ʻo ia hoʻi ka trichloropyrimidine.Ma 1971, ma kēia kumu, ua hoʻomohala ʻia kahi hana maikaʻi o nā difluorochloropyrimidine reactive dyes.I ka makahiki 1966, ua hoʻokumu ʻo Ciba i kahi mea hoʻoheheʻe reactive e pili ana i ka a-bromoacrylamide, kahi hana maikaʻi i ka waihoʻoluʻu hulu hipa, kahi i hoʻokumu ai i ke kumu no ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā mea pena kiʻekiʻe ma ka hulu hipa i ka wā e hiki mai ana.

I ka makahiki 1972 ma Baidu, ua hoʻokumu ʻo Benemen i kahi mea pena me nā pūʻulu reactive ʻelua, ʻo ia hoʻi ʻo Procion HE, ma ke kumu o ka monochlorotriazine type reactive dye.Ua hoʻomaikaʻi hou ʻia kēia ʻano kala ma ke ʻano o ka hana ʻana me nā pulupulu pulupulu, ka helu hoʻoponopono a me nā waiwai ʻē aʻe.

I ka makahiki 1976, ua hana ʻo Buneimen i kahi papa o nā mea pena me nā hui waikawa phosphonic ma ke ʻano he hui ikaika.Hiki iā ia ke hana i kahi paʻa covalent me ka cellulose fibers ma lalo o nā kūlana alkaline ʻole, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi no ke kala ʻana me nā mea hoʻopuehu i loko o ka ʻauʻau like ʻO ka paʻi paʻi like, ʻo Pushian T ka inoa kālepa. Ua hoʻomohala ka Hui o Iapana i ka vinyl sulfone a me ka monochlorotriazine pālua reactive hui.

I ka makahiki 1984, ua hoʻokumu ʻo Nippon Kayaku Corporation i kahi mea hoʻoheheʻe reactive i kapa ʻia ʻo Kayasalon, kahi i hoʻohui i ka waika nicotinic i pani i ke apo triazine.Hiki iā ia ke hana like me ka cellulose fiber ma lalo o ke kiʻekiʻe o ka wela a me nā kūlana kūʻokoʻa, no laila ua kūpono loa ia no ke kala ʻana i nā lole polyester / pulupulu i hui ʻia me ka wela kiʻekiʻe a me ke kaomi kiʻekiʻe hoʻokahi ʻauʻau ʻauʻau no ka disperse / reactive dyees.

Hoʻoluʻu Waikani

ʻO ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana o nā mea hoʻonaninani
Manaʻo ka mea hoʻolako wai hoʻoula ʻo Reactive ʻo ka ʻokoʻa nui ma waena o nā wai hoʻoheheʻe reactive a me nā ʻano mea pena ʻē aʻe, ʻo ia ka mea i loaʻa i ko lākou mau moleke nā pūʻulu reactive hiki ke hoʻopaʻa covalently me kekahi mau pūʻulu fiber (hydroxyl, amino) ma o ka hopena kemika.Hiki ke hōʻike ʻia ke ʻano o nā mea waihoʻoluʻu reactive e ke ʻano maʻamau: S－D－B－Re

I loko o ke kumu: S-wai-soluble pūʻulu, e like me ka sulfonic acid pūʻulu;

D——Pula wai;

B——Ka hui hookui ma waena o ka waiu makua a me ka hui hana;

Hui hana hou.

Ma keʻano laulā, pono e loaʻa i ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā dyes reactive ma nā fiber textile i kēia mau ʻano:

ʻO ka hoʻoheheʻe wai kiʻekiʻe, ke kūpaʻa mālama kiʻekiʻe, ʻaʻole maʻalahi i ka hydrolyze;

Loaʻa iā ia ka reactivity kiʻekiʻe i ka fiber a me ka helu hoʻopaʻa kiʻekiʻe;

ʻO ka paʻa kemika ma waena o ka wai a me ka fiber he paʻa kemika kiʻekiʻe, ʻo ia hoʻi, ʻaʻole maʻalahi ka nalo i ka wā e hoʻohana ai;

ʻO ka diffusibility maikaʻi, ka waihoʻoluʻu pae maikaʻi a me ke komo ʻana o ke kala;

ʻO ka wikiwiki o ka waihoʻoluʻu ʻana, e like me ka lā, ke aniau, ka holoi ʻana, ka hamo, ka pale ʻana i ka chlorine bleaching, etc.

He maʻalahi ka holoi ʻana i nā mea pena ʻole a me nā wai hydrolyzed ma hope o ke kala ʻana, me ka ʻole o ka ʻili;

Maikaʻi ke kala ʻana, hiki ke hoʻoluʻu hohonu a ʻeleʻele;

ʻO nā kūlana i luna e pili kokoke ana i nā pūʻulu reactive, nā mea hoʻoheheʻe mua, nā hui wai-soluble, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe.